Before the 1960s, borderline personality disorder (BPD) was not a recognised condition. This lack of recognition meant that individuals displaying symptoms of BPD often faced significant challenges in receiving appropriate support and treatment. Here’s what typically happened:
Misdiagnosis and General Stigma
Misdiagnosis: Without a clear understanding of BPD, many individuals were often misdiagnosed with other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, or schizophrenia. This led to treatments that were not tailored to their specific needs.
Stigma and Isolation: The behaviours associated with BPD, such as intense emotional reactions and unstable relationships, were often misunderstood. Individuals were sometimes labelled as difficult, manipulative, or attention-seeking, leading to social isolation and stigma.
The journey from misunderstanding to recognition of BPD highlights the importance of continued research, education, and empathy in the field of mental health. Today, individuals with BPD have access to more informed and effective treatments, improving their quality of life significantly compared to the pre-1960s era thanks to the dedicated efforts of mental health professionals and family members in understanding this public health issue.
People with BPD often find social interactions challenging, leading to stormy relationships. They frequently struggle with low self-esteem, and their emotions usually seem to control their actions. This results in significant emotional turmoil, yet individuals with BPD rarely recognise how their behaviour affects themselves and those around them. Typically, it takes someone close to connect the symptoms to the disorder.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, common symptoms of BPD include:
- Intense reactions to real or perceived abandonment can manifest as rage, panic, or depression.
- A history of unstable relationships, swinging from idealised intimacy to intense dislike.
- Impulsive behaviours, such as excessive spending, risky sexual activities, unsafe driving, and substance abuse.
- Frequent threats or attempts of suicide or self-harm.
- Extreme mood swings within a single day.
- Persistent feelings of boredom and emptiness.
- Inappropriate or uncontrollable anger.
- Dissociative experiences, feeling detached from oneself or reality.
Recognising these behaviours in a loved one warrants further investigation. If the person also appears depressed or anxious, consulting a doctor is crucial. Many individuals with BPD also suffer from eating disorders, and all these conditions require professional intervention.
Treatment for BPD typically involves behavioural therapy or dialectical behaviour therapy (talk therapy). These therapies help individuals with BPD recognise their thoughts and behaviour patterns and understand their impact on daily life. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications to stabilise emotions, allowing the individual to focus on adjusting their behaviour.
